Inference about the expected performance of a data-driven dynamic treatment regime.

TitleInference about the expected performance of a data-driven dynamic treatment regime.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2014
AuthorsChakraborty, Bibhas, Eric B. Laber, and Ying-Qi Zhao
JournalClin Trials
Volume11
Issue4
Pagination408-417
Date Published2014 Aug
ISSN1740-7753
Abstract

BACKGROUND: A dynamic treatment regime (DTR) comprises a sequence of decision rules, one per stage of intervention, that recommends how to individualize treatment to patients based on evolving treatment and covariate history. These regimes are useful for managing chronic disorders, and fit into the larger paradigm of personalized medicine. The Value of a DTR is the expected outcome when the DTR is used to assign treatments to a population of interest.PURPOSE: The Value of a data-driven DTR, estimated using data from a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial, is both a data-dependent parameter and a non-smooth function of the underlying generative distribution. These features introduce additional variability that is not accounted for by standard methods for conducting statistical inference, for example, the bootstrap or normal approximations, if applied without adjustment. Our purpose is to provide a feasible method for constructing valid confidence intervals (CIs) for this quantity of practical interest.METHODS: We propose a conceptually simple and computationally feasible method for constructing valid CIs for the Value of an estimated DTR based on subsampling. The method is self-tuning by virtue of an approach called the double bootstrap. We demonstrate the proposed method using a series of simulated experiments.RESULTS: The proposed method offers considerable improvement in terms of coverage rates of the CIs over the standard bootstrap approach.LIMITATIONS: In this article, we have restricted our attention to Q-learning for estimating the optimal DTR. However, other methods can be employed for this purpose; to keep the discussion focused, we have not explored these alternatives.CONCLUSION: Subsampling-based CIs provide much better performance compared to standard bootstrap for the Value of an estimated DTR.

DOI10.1177/1740774514537727
Alternate JournalClin Trials
Original PublicationInference about the expected performance of a data-driven dynamic treatment regime.
PubMed ID24925083
PubMed Central IDPMC4265005
Grant ListP01 CA142538 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States
R01 NS072127 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States
R13 CA132565 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States
Project: